Accessibility refers to the design of products, services, and environments that allow them to be usable by people of all abilities and disabilities. When it comes to web design, building an accessible website ensures that people with disabilities can perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with your website.
With over 1.3 billion people in the world living with disabilities, accessibility is an important consideration for any business wanting to serve a diverse audience online. An accessible website opens up your products and services to more potential customers. It also helps your business comply with disability discrimination laws and avoid legal risks. This article provides an overview of key principles and strategies for designing an inclusive, accessible website.
Follow Web Accessibility Standards
The first step is understanding and implementing existing web accessibility standards. These standards provide guidelines on making content accessible to people with vision, hearing, motor, and cognitive disabilities.
The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) published by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) are the internationally recognized standard for web accessibility. WCAG lays out three levels of conformance – A, AA, and AAA. Most businesses should aim for WCAG Level AA conformance as a minimum. This covers the most common accessibility issues.
Some strategies for meeting WCAG standards include:
- Add descriptive alternative text (alt text) for images so visually impaired users can understand them through screen readers.
- Structure content headings properly so screen reader users can navigate pages easily.
- Add captions and transcripts for audio/video content.
- Make sure color is not the only way to convey information.
- Ensure links, buttons, and form elements are identifiable for keyboard-only users.
- Avoid flashing/strobing content that can trigger seizures.
Focus on Inclusive User Experience
While technical web accessibility guidelines are important, you also need to think about the overall user experience. Put yourself in the shoes of users with disabilities to understand their perspectives and challenges.
For example, complex site navigation may be confusing for users with cognitive disabilities. Key information placed too low on the page can be missed by users with poor vision. Auto-playing audio could interfere with screen readers used by blind visitors.
Conducting user testing with participants who have disabilities is ideal. If this is not feasible, get web accessibility experts to audit your site and suggest improvements. Observing how assistive technologies interact with your site also provides insights.
Offer Multiple Ways to Navigate and Interact
People have different preferences and capabilities. Providing multiple options for navigation and interaction caters to diverse users.
For navigation, consider a text-only sitemap page with skip links. Also, make key navigation links available on every page. Offer both visual and text versions of menus.
When it comes to interacting with content, provide alternatives to mouse-driven actions. Allow keyboard access and commands. Provide transcription/captions if you have audio/video content.
Again, testing with assistive technologies like screen readers and keyboard shortcuts can reveal gaps. Fill those gaps to give users a choice in how they use your website.
Write Clear, Concise and Scannable Content
Your website content should be simple, well-structured, and easy to read. This helps people with cognitive or reading disabilities.
- Use clear language and avoid jargon/acronyms.
- Break up long blocks of text with subheadings and bullet points.
- Make sure content flows logically and links are descriptive.
- Ensure sufficient color contrast between text and background.
You can assess the reading level with free tools like the Readable.io app. Aim for content that is readable by early high school-level users. Also, have a text resize option to aid people with low vision.
Ensure Visual Design is Accessible
A visually appealing yet accessible website is possible with an inclusive design approach.
- Use text alternatives like alt text for images, graphics, and icons. Provide vivid descriptions where needed.
- If you are conveying information with color, also use text labels or patterns.
- Make sure interactive elements like buttons and links are identifiable when viewed without color.
- Allow users to focus/hover over elements to reveal states and descriptions.
- Provide sufficient contrast between foreground and background colors.
Avoid designing in a way that relies solely on visual characteristics to convey meaning. And always check your design works for color-blind users through color contrast checkers.
Make Accessibility Part of Your Process
Building in accessibility from the start is more efficient than retrofitting an inaccessible website. Train your web team on inclusive design principles and standards. Assign clear accessibility responsibilities within the team.
Have developers test code with assistive technologies and validators during development. Conduct ongoing audits to identify any new issues. Fixing accessibility bugs should be part of your web maintenance process.
Monitor user feedback and analytics data for challenges disabled visitors may face. Plan and budget for continuous improvements based on evidence. Assign an accessibility statement so users know your commitments.
Accessibility and Cybersecurity
An accessible website should also prioritize cybersecurity protections. User data privacy and preventing security breaches are important for all sites, especially for people with disabilities. Security vulnerabilities can put sensitive personal or medical information at risk.
Good cybersecurity practices like encrypting data, implementing multifactor authentication, regularly patching and updating software, and blocking malware are critical. Conduct security audits and testing to identify any gaps. Educate employees on security best practices as well, such as using VPNs. The best VPN Black Friday deals make VPN software more affordable.
With strong accessibility and security, websites can better serve and protect more vulnerable user groups.
Stay Up to Date on Emerging Best Practices
Technology and assistive tools continue to evolve. Design patterns that enhance accessibility also change over time. Subscribe to web accessibility newsletters and forums to stay up to date. Attend conferences and take courses to keep expanding your knowledge.
Leverage user research and new innovations to go beyond minimum compliance. With a culture of inclusion and steady improvements, you can make your website welcoming and usable for the diversity of web users.
Building an accessible website benefits both businesses and users. By making content perceivable, operable, and understandable for everyone, businesses can reach a wider audience. For users with disabilities, an accessible site provides greater independence and quality of life through technology. With some planning and testing, you can design an experience that caters to diverse abilities.
